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@#Lung adenocarcinoma has become the most common type of lung cancer. According to the 2015 World Health Organization histological classification of lung cancer, invasive lung adenocarcinoma can be divided into 5 subtypes: lepidic, acinar, papillary, solid, and micropapillary. Relevant studies have shown that the local lobectomy or sublobectomy is sufficient for early lepidic predominant adenocarcinoma, while lobectomy should be recommended for tumors containing micropapillary and solid ingredients (≥5%). Currently, the percentage of micropapillary and solid components diagnosed by frozen pathological examination is 65.7%, and the accuracy of diagnosis is limited. Therefore, to improve the accuracy of diagnosis, it is necessary to seek new methods and techniques. This paper summarized the characteristics and rapid diagnosis tools of early lung adenocarcinoma subtypes.
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Objective:To evaluate the clinical significance of molecular detection testing multiple pathogens in children with viral central nervous system infections.Methods:We retrospectively included 176 children who were suspected with central nervous system infection at Shanghai Children′s Medical Center from January 2017 to May 2021.Film Array Meningitis/Encephalitis Panel(FA-M/E) was used to test cerebrospinal fluid samples of these children.The results were analyzed compared with clinical symptoms and cerebrospinal fluid indices.Results:There were 34 samples with positive FA-M/E virus detection(19.32%, 34/176). Among the 34 samples, enterovirus was the most common pathogen(27 cases, 79.41%). In different combinations, the sensitivity and positive predictive value were all less than 90%.The median time for antiviral drugs used in FA-M/E virus-positive and negative children was 4.5(0, 8.5)d and 2.6(0, 2.0)d, respectively.The difference was statistically significant( P<0.05). Conclusion:Molecular tests of multiple pathogens can quickly and sensitively detect pathogens.It can improve the efficacy of clinical diagnosis of viral central nervous system infection.
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Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of pneumococcal antigen detection indiagnosis of pneumococcal meningitis in children. Methods: Purulent meningitis wasdiagnosed according to European Society for Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases(ESCMID) guideline between July 2014 and June 2016. Along with a cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) culture, pneumococcal antigen detection in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was performed,and further identification of pathogens was done with 16S rDNA-PCR and high-throughputsequencing. Results: CSF samples collected from 184 children (median age of 1.92 mo).CSF culture was used as the gold standard. 46 (25%) had positive results for culture and 10(5.4%) were pneumococci; 34 (18.5%) were pneumococcal antigen positive. The sensitivityand specificity of pneumococcal antigen detection were 100% (95% CI: 89.4%–100%) and86.2% (95% CI: 96.4%–99.9%), respectively. 92.3% (12/13) were confirmed by nucleic aciddetection to be pneumococci. Conclusions: Pneumococcal antigen detection in CSF hasadequate sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing pneumococcal meningitis.
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BACKGROUND: 16S rRNA gene-targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) can detect microorganisms in a comprehensive reference database. To date, NGS has been successfully applied to samples such as urine, blood, and synovial fluid. However, there is no data for continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) fluid. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical usefulness of microbiome analysis of CAPD fluids for the diagnosis of CAPD peritonitis.METHODS: We included 21 patients with high suspicion of CAPD peritonitis. Routine CAPD fluid culture was performed using a pellet of 50 mL CAPD fluid onto the chocolate and blood agar for two days, and thioglycollate broth for one week. 16S rRNA gene-targeted NGS of pellets, stored at −70℃ was performed with MiSeq (Illumina, USA).RESULTS: Many colonized or pathogenic bacteria were detected from CAPD fluids using NGS and the microbiomes were composed of 1 to 29 genera with a cut-off 1.0. Compared to the culture results, NGS detected the same pathogens in 6 of 18 valid results (three samples failed with low read count). Additionally, using NGS, anaerobes such as Bacteroides spp. and Prevotella spp. were detected in six patients. In two of five samples in which no bacterial growth was detected, possible pathogens were detected by NGS.CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the first report about the application of 16S rRNA gene-targeted NGS for diagnosis of CAPD peritonitis. Etiology of culture-negative CAPD peritonitis can be better defined in NGS. Furthermore, it also helped the detection of anaerobic bacteria.
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Humans , Agar , Bacteria , Bacteria, Anaerobic , Bacteroides , Cacao , Colon , Diagnosis , Microbiota , Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory , Peritonitis , Prevotella , Synovial FluidABSTRACT
Introduction: Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis (SBP) iscommon and serious complication of patients with livercirrhosis and ascites, without an apparent surgically treatableintra abdominal source of infection. Its prevalence rangesfrom 10% to 30%. Mortality rate was earlier reported morethan 90%, but it has now reduced to 30% -50% as a resultof rapid diagnosis and prompt initiation of antibiotics. Thepresent study was done to evaluate the various non culturemethods for the diagnosis of SBP.Material and Methods: Ascitic fluid sample were collectedaseptically from 100 cirrhotic patients with ascites. PMN(polymorphonuclear leukocyte) count was determined byNeubauer’s manual counting chamber and Leishman’s stainfor differential PMN cell counts. Granulocyte esterase activitywas detected using LER (Leukocyte esterase reagent) dipstickstrips.Results: Out of 100 samples processed, PMN cell count >250 cells/mm3 was found in 91% samples by conventionallight microscopy. Scale of > 2+ by LER strip was found in61 samples. Reading of PMN cell count of > 250 cells/mm3matched in 60 samples and < 250 cells/mm3 matched in 8 cellsby both microscopy and LER strip test. Sensitivity, specificity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value ofLER strip test was 65.9%, 88.89%, 98.36% and 20.51%respectively.Conclusion: LER strips as a screening tool for SBP haveadvantage of speed, low cost, availability at odd hours, requiresno technical expertise and can be performed everywhere.Its high specificity and PPV may help in early institution ofempirical antibiotic therapy in patients.
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Background & objectives: Rapid detection of drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is essential for the efficient control of tuberculosis. Hence, in this study a nested-allele-specific (NAS) PCR, nested multiple allele-specific PCR (NMAS-PCR) and multiple allele-specific (MAS) PCR assays were evaluated that enabled detection of the most common mutations responsible for isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RIF) resistance in MTB isolates directly from clinical specimens. Methods: Six pairs of primers, mutated and wild type, were used for the six targets such as codon 516, 526 and 531 of rpoB, codon 315 of katG and C15-T substitution in the promoter region of mabA-inhA using allele-specific (AS) PCR assays (NAS-PCR, NMAS-PCR and MAS-PCR). The performance of AS PCR method was compared with phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (DST). Results: The usefulness of AS PCR assays was evaluated with 391 clinical specimens (251 Acid fast bacilli smear positive and MTB culture positive; 93 smear negative and MTB culture positive; 47 smear positive and MTB culture negative) and 344 MTB culture positive isolates. With culture-based phenotypic DST as a reference standard, the sensitivity and specificity of the NAS-PCR, NMAS-PCR and MAS-PCR assay for drug resistance-related genetic mutation detection were 98.6 and 97.8 per cent for INH, 97.5 and 97.9 per cent for RIF and 98.9 and 100 per cent for multidrug resistance (MDR). Interpretation & conclusions: The performance of AS PCR assays showed that those could be less expensive and technically executable methods for rapid detection of MDR-TB directly from clinical specimens.
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Introduction: Peripheral lymhadenopathy is common presentation of inflammatory and neoplastic lesions.FNAC is one of the first–line investigations of managenent for the evaluation of lymphadenopathy.Enlargement of Lymph node is seen in variety of reactive inflammatory to neoplastic conditions related to regional or systemic diseases. It is very useful, easy, rapid, minimal invasive, cost effective and accurate approach in diagnosing various lymph node lesions and helpful in the workup of management of patients with nodal enlargement. Methods: A total of 175 patients were included in our study Department of Pathology, referred from the department of ENT, Medicine, Paediatrics, Surgery, Respiratory Medicine and Tuberculosis of Karpaga Vinayaga Hospital in the period from January 2017 to Dec 2018. Alcohol fixed and air dry smears were prepared and stain with H&E, PAP, and MGG. The special stain like PAS, ZN (20%) etc were done whenever required. Results:In present study total 175 cases of lymphadenopathy were studied. The presentation of various lymph node lesions on cytomorphological findings were Acute non–specific lymphadenitis cases were 5 (2.85%), Chronic non–specific lymphadenitis cases were 11 (8.28%), Granulomatous lymphadenopathy cases were 6 (3.42%), Tuberculous lymphadenitis cases were 60 (34.28%)’ Reactive lymphadenitis cases were 48 (27.42%), Metastasis to lymph node cases was 36 (20.57%), Lymphoma cases were 9 (5.14%). Unsatisfactory smears(11) were excluded from the study. The detailed clinical material data, relevant investigations were taken for supporting the diagnosis. Conclusion: Cytomorphological features of lymph node FNAC, used in conjunction with clinical details, laboratory test investigations, radiology imaging study will be very helpful for diagnosing various disorders. It will be rapid, cost effective, safe, and reliable method for early diagnosis and treatment of the patients
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Objective To evaluate the performance of an enhanced fluorescent staining for the rapid diagnosis of invasive mycosis, especially rare cases, considering the traditional culture method always leads to delays in clinical diagnosis for its time consuming. Methods Cases of invasive mycosis identified by fluorescent staining in our hospital from September, 2017 to September, 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Three rare in-vasive infections were reported in this study. Clinical specimens were pretreated using standard procedures and then smeared on slides along with the enhanced fluorescent dye. Species of the pathogens were identified accord-ing to their morphology under fluorescent microscope. The traditional culture method was used as a standard method to identify the pathogenic species based on their colony morphology, followed by PCR and sequencing analysis for further confirmation. Results Three cases of invasive mycosis caused by rare pathogens of Talaro-myces marneffei, Mucorales and Prototheca were rapidly diagnosed with the fluorescent staining method. Sequen-cing results indicated the species were Talaromyces marneffei, Rhizopus arrhizus and Prototheca wickerhamii. Conclusions Fluorescent staining is a rapid, economic and direct method for the diagnosis of invasive mycosis. The morphology of fungi is clear and easy to identify after fluorescence staining, which could be used for indica-tive diagnosis of highly suspected invasive mycosis and serve as an important complement to the traditional cul-ture method, especially for the diagnosis of rare or uncultured fungal pathogens.
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Influenza is one of the most common and widespread respiratory diseases in humans.In addition to pose a serious threat to the susceptible and high-risk population,influenza has an important impact on public health.Rapid and accurate diagnosis of influenza virus infections is essential for administrating prompt antiviral treatments and undertaking effective prevention and control measures during seasonal epidemics and pandemics,which to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with influenza virus infections.Several different approaches are currently available for diagnosis of influenza infections in humans,including virus isolation,antigen detections,nucleic acid amplifications,etc.New diagnostic methods are being developed to overcome the limitations of some traditional detection methods.Here is an overview of diagnostic techniques for influenza virus infection.
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Abstract INTRODUCTION: Bloodstream infections can be fatal, and timely identification of the etiologic agent is important for treatment. METHODOLOGY: An alternative method, consisting of direct identification and susceptibility testing of blood culture bottles using the automated VITEK 2® system, was assessed. RESULTS: All 37 of the Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) identifications and 57.1% of the 28 Gram-positive cocci (GPC) identifications matched those obtained with standard methods. In susceptibility testing, the agreement was greater than 90%. CONCLUSIONS: This alternative methodology may assist in the early identification and susceptibility testing of GNB. Further research is necessary to develop appropriate methods for GPC.
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Humans , Microbial Sensitivity Tests/methods , Bacteremia/microbiology , Gram-Positive Cocci/drug effects , Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Prospective Studies , Bacteriological Techniques , Bacteremia/diagnosis , Gram-Positive Cocci/classification , Qualitative Research , Gram-Negative Bacteria/classificationABSTRACT
Objective: To discover and summarize the problems and useful practices in the current primary-level application of Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) of malariain the eradicationphase,and explore the feasibility of overall introduction of RDT in primary-level medical institutions. There in after, empirical evidence and policy suggestions are provided for the improvement of primary-level malaria diagnosis systerato better meet the working requirements in the malaria eradication phase. Methods : We selected four districts as theresearch sites from which 36 respondents were invited from city, county and township level. All of the respondents invited to receive face-to-face semi-structural key informants' interviews included hospital physicians, hospital lab professionals, CDC malaria prevention and control professionals, and previous malaria patients. The interviewing system was focused on group interviews. Results :In the current stage,the primary-level malaria control professionals cautiously welcomed the RDT technology application. The lack of complete and specific training system and unclear RDT technological orientation were the two main reasons for the confusions and challenges faced by the above-mentioned professionals in the practical work at the primary-level. The primary-level hospital physicians' attitude towards malaria diagnosis and treatment,and their awareness of related technologies highly depended on their actual experience of receiving malaria cases and the number of residents coming back from their foreign working places (especially Sub-Sahaxan Africa) within their hospitals' service areas as well,which also differs across different regions. Conclusions : From the actual need of healthcare professionals and malaria patients,it is necessary and feasible to introduce RDT in primary-level medical institutions,but on the condition that further strengthening of the training on malaria prevention and control,and essential education on the existing knowledge are provided.
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BACKGROUND: Porcine Deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is a newly emerged enteropathogenic coronavirus that causes diarrhea and mortality in neonatal piglets. PDCoV has spread to many countries around the world, leading to significant economic losses in the pork industry. Therefore, a rapid and sensitive method for detection of PDCoV in clinical samples is urgently needed. RESULTS: In this study, we developed a single-tube one-step reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay specific for nucleocapsid gene to diagnose and monitor PDCoV infections. The detection limit of RT-LAMP assay was 1 × 101 copies of PDCoV, which was approximately 100-fold more sensitive than gel-based one-step reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). This assay could specifically amplify PDCoV and had no cross amplification with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), porcine kobuvirus (PKoV), porcine astrovirus (PAstV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), classic swine fever virus (CSFV), and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2). By screening a panel of clinical specimens (N = 192), this method presented a similar sensitivity with nested RT-PCR and was 1-2 log more sensitive than conventional RT-PCR in detection of PDCoV. CONCLUSIONS: The RT-LAMP assay established in this study is a potentially valuable tool, especially in low-resource laboratories and filed settings, for a rapid diagnosis, surveillance, and molecular epidemiology investigation of PDCoV infections. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work for detection of newly emerged PDCoV with LAMP technology.
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Animals , Swine Diseases/virology , Coronavirus Infections/virology , Coronaviridae/isolation & purification , Swine , Swine Diseases/diagnosis , Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary , Sensitivity and Specificity , Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis , Coronavirus Infections/veterinary , Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques/veterinaryABSTRACT
Objective To establish a rapid diagnostic method for the detection of marine vibrios,and then construct a new technology platform for the clinical diagnosis of marine vibrio infection.Methods A pair of PCR primers and a sequencing primer based on the whA gene of V.vulnificus and the toxR genes of V.parahemolyticus and V.alginolyticus were designed respectively,and then the specific DNA fragments were amplified.Next,the single-stranded DNA templates were prepared for pyrosequencing.The obtained base sequence was validated by NCBI alignment.In addition,the 16S rRNA genotyping of V.vulnificus was also performed.Results The PCR primers and sequencing primer of V.vulnificus showed good specificity,and a 167 bp DNA fragment was amplified from 4 strains of V.vulnificus.The pyrosequencing results completely matched with the whA gene sequence of V.vulnificus.Meanwhile,the control strains were negative.A 105 bp DNA fragment and a 134 bp DNA fragment were amplified from 11 strains of V.parahemolyticus and V.alginolyticus,respectively,and the pyrosequencing results were consistent with the expected sequence.In addition,one of 4 strains of V.vulnificus was identified as 16S rRNA-A type,and the other 3 as 16S rRNA-B type.Conclusion The PCR-pyrosequencing method established in this study is a new method for the real-time detection of short nucleotide sequences.It has some advantages such as high throughput,high precision and simple operation,and may be applied to the fast and accurate identification of marine and terrestrial pathogenic bacteria.
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Objective To establish a loop-mediated isothermal amplification method for detection of Campylobacter jejuni.Methods Six sets of primers were designed to recognize Campylobacter jejuni specific gene hipO.One was selected as the optimal primer and its specificity and sensitivity to Campylobacter jejuni were evaluated by LAMP reaction in 60 minutes at 62℃.Results The results recorded by the turbidity meter showed that the sensitivity of LAMP with a detection limit of 6.97×102 copies/μl was ten times that of PCR.Conclusion LAMP is a potential and valuable method of detection of Campylobacter jejuni due to its rapidity,simplicity,low cost and accuracy.It is especially suitable for grass-roots medical units.
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Objective To develop a rapid ,convenient ,sensitive and specific method for the detection of marine Vbrio vulnificus by using loop‐mediated isothermal amplification(LAMP) technique ,and evaluate the specificity and sensitivity of this method . Methods According to marine Vibrio vulnificus cytolysin(vvhA) gene sequence published by GenBank ,a set of LAMP primers were designed .LAMP and polymerase chain reaction(PCR) amplification were carried out in 47 strains of bacteria(including 20 strains of Vibrio) and specificities of LAMP and PCR were compared .Serial ten‐fold dilutions of an overnight Vibrio vulnificus M06 culture were prepared in sterile saline solution ,and compared the sensitivity of LAMP with that of PCR after extracting DNA tem‐plates .A recombinant plasmid containing fragment of vvhA gene was constructed and set as a standard positive control of LAMP assay .Results False‐positive results occurred in the conventional PCR ,while in the LAMP assay positive amplifications were only seen in strains of Vibrio vulnificus and no false‐positive or false‐negative results were generated among 47 strains of bacteria ,which indicated that primers had high specificity .Additionally ,the results of electrophoresis were consistent with those after adding the calcein .The detection limit of LAMP was 4 × 10 CFU each reaction for detecting vvhA gene in pure culture ,which was 10‐fold more sensitive than that of conventional PCR(4 × 102 CFU each reaction) .It indicated that LAMP assay had good sensitivity .Repeated the test twice ,the detection results of LAMP and PCR were both stable .Conclusion An LAMP detection method for marine Vibrio vulnificus has been developed ,which is highly specific ,sensitive ,convenient and suitable for rapid field detection and point‐of‐care testing .
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Asian-lineage H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses have caused continuous outbreaks in poultry and wild birds. Development of rapid and accurate diagnostic methods is needed for preventing further spread of the virus and reducing the time required for eradication of the virus. We developed a low-density microarray for the rapid detection and identification of avian influenza virus subtypes H5, H7, and H9 and their pathotypes in a previous study. In the present study, we evaluated previously developed diagnostic microarray using avian influenza viruses isolated in Mongolia, including H5 HPAI viruses. All H5 HPAI viruses isolated in Mongolia were shown as H5-specific and highly pathogenic pattern in the microarray. H2, H3 and H12 viruses isolated in Mongolia used in this study did not show any H5, H7 and H9 patterns. These results indicated that this diagnostic microarray has enormous potential for the rapid subtyping and pathotyping of influenza viruses, including viruses isolated in Mongolia.
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Animals , Birds , Disease Outbreaks , Influenza in Birds , Mongolia , Orthomyxoviridae , PoultryABSTRACT
Objective To explore the value of bedside ultrasound used by ICU doctor in the rapid diagnosis of traumatic abdominal,and to evaluate the advantage of bedside ultrasound in the treatment decision.Methods 60 patients with traumatic abdominal blood in our hospital admitted to the ICU were selected.All patients were checked through bedside ultrasonography by physicians with professional training of ICU,bedside ultrasound and abdominal CT and abdominal flat piece of traumatic hematocelia,and compared the diagnosis of the time of the bedside ultrasound,abdominal CT and abdominal X -ray and ultrasound physician ultrasound examination.Results The difference of abdominal blood detection rate between bedside ultrasonography and abdominal computed tomo-graphy (CT)had no statistical significance (P >0.05);bedside ultrasonography of abdominal blood detection rate was higher than plain film of the abdomen,the difference was statistically significant (χ2 =73.346,P <0.01);bed-side ultrasound received a preliminary diagnosis of time -consuming (4.37 ±2.1)min was significantly lower than that of the examination of ultrasound physicians (13.86 ±5.6)min,abdominal CT (22.13 ±6.9)min and abdominal plain film (28.19 ±7.32)min,the differences were statistically significant (t =3.947,14.607,21.139,26.338,all P <0.01 ).Conclusion By the professional training of ICU physicians for bedside ultrasound traumatic blood abdominal patients can make a more accurate diagnosis,time -shorten,more accord with the requirement of treating critically ill patients in ICU,which has important clinical value for trauma abdominal blood in early rapid diagnosis and treatment.
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Clinical microbiology tests play an important role in the etiological diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases, monitoring and alerting of nosocomial infection, rational use of drugs and drug sensitivity monitoring.Microbiology laboratory should strengthen the application and popularization of techniques for rapid diagnosis and point-of-care diagnosis, and intensify the quality control.With patients-oriented principle, microbiology laboratory should enhance the communications with clinicians to better serve the diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases.
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Leptospirosis, a zoonotic disease that is caused by many serovars which are more than 200 in the world, is an emerging worldwide disease. Accurate and rapid diagnostic tests for leptospirosis are a critical step to diagnose the disease. There are some commercial kits available for diagnosis of leptospirosis, but the obscurity of a species- or genus-specific antigen of pathogenic Leptospira interrogans causes the reduced sensitivity and specificity. In this study, the polysaccharide derived from lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of nonpathogenic Leptospira biflexa serovar patoc was prepared, and the antigenicity was confirmed by immunoblot and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The performance of the rapid diagnostic test (RDT) kit using the polysaccharide as a diagnostic antigen was evaluated in Korea, Bulgaria and Argentina. The sensitivity was 93.9%, 100%, and 81.0% and the specificity was 97.9%, 100%, and 95.4% in Korea (which is a rare region occurring with 2 serovars mostly), Bulgaria (epidemic region with 3 serovars chiefly) and Argentina (endemic region with 19 serovars mainly) respectively. These results indicate that this RDT is applicable for global diagnosis of leptospirosis. This rapid and effective diagnosis will be helpful for diagnosis and manage of leptospirosis to use and the polysaccharide of Leptospira may be called as genus specific antigen for diagnosis.
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Female , Humans , Male , Antigens, Bacterial/immunology , Argentina , Bulgaria , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Leptospira/isolation & purification , Leptospira interrogans/isolation & purification , Leptospirosis/diagnosis , Polysaccharides/immunology , Reagent Kits, Diagnostic/standards , Republic of Korea , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
Leptospirosis, a zoonotic disease that is caused by many serovars which are more than 200 in the world, is an emerging worldwide disease. Accurate and rapid diagnostic tests for leptospirosis are a critical step to diagnose the disease. There are some commercial kits available for diagnosis of leptospirosis, but the obscurity of a species- or genus-specific antigen of pathogenic Leptospira interrogans causes the reduced sensitivity and specificity. In this study, the polysaccharide derived from lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of nonpathogenic Leptospira biflexa serovar patoc was prepared, and the antigenicity was confirmed by immunoblot and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The performance of the rapid diagnostic test (RDT) kit using the polysaccharide as a diagnostic antigen was evaluated in Korea, Bulgaria and Argentina. The sensitivity was 93.9%, 100%, and 81.0% and the specificity was 97.9%, 100%, and 95.4% in Korea (which is a rare region occurring with 2 serovars mostly), Bulgaria (epidemic region with 3 serovars chiefly) and Argentina (endemic region with 19 serovars mainly) respectively. These results indicate that this RDT is applicable for global diagnosis of leptospirosis. This rapid and effective diagnosis will be helpful for diagnosis and manage of leptospirosis to use and the polysaccharide of Leptospira may be called as genus specific antigen for diagnosis.